Contents
 
Introduction

1
1.

Skin structure
5
What skin looks like 5
The layers of the skin 10
The epidermis 12
Skin color 16
The dermis 30
The subcutaneous fat layer 32
Special skin structures 34
Gender-related features of skin 37
2.

Skin functions
39
Functions of the epidermis 39
Functions of the dermis 40
Different skin types and their characteristics 41
Human skin types 43
Factors affecting skin function 47
3.

Some common skin problems
52
Atopy 52
Atopic eczema 53
Acne 55
Other common skin problems 57
     
4. Skin and aging

62
How skin changes with age 62
Intrinsic and extrinsic aging 63
The sun 69
Photoprotective products 77
Self-tanning products 80
Reducing lines and wrinkles 80
     
5.

Skin care

83
Diet, vitamins and the skin 83
Smoking and your skin 84
Skin care throughout life
85
General guidelines for skin care 94
Facial care 94
Skin cleansing 96
Surfactants and the skin 98
Toners 99
Moisturizers 100
Hand and body Moisturizers 103
Body lotions and bath oils 104
Some special ingredients of skin care products 105
Additional products 105
Differences in societies 107