| 'acid mantle’ 34
|
|
irritants 106 |
|
| acne 55-7,
64 |
isotretinoin 68,
82 |
|
| actinic keratoses 75
|
|
|
| adipose cells 10,
32 |
keloids 32
|
|
| adolescent skin, caring for 87
|
keratinocytes 12
|
|
| aging skin 5,
30, 63-82, 95 |
in epidermis
12 |
|
| apparent age
67 |
in nails 37
|
|
| caring for 92,
96 |
|
|
| changes in appearance
62-4, 67 |
Langerhans cells 40,
70 |
|
| cosmetic products
for 80-2 |
laser surgery 82
|
|
| intrinsic and
extrinsic aging 63-5 |
lipids 12,
14 |
|
| lines and wrinkles
67-9 |
see also
sphingolipids |
|
| photoaging 63-5,
67, 74-6 |
liposomes 105
|
|
| albino people 16 |
lips 36-7
|
|
| allergic reactions 40,
41 |
lymphocytes 40
|
|
| decrease with
age 69 |
|
|
| androgens 87
|
masks 106
|
|
| angular cheilosis 57
|
mature skin, caring for 92
|
|
| antioxidants 101,
104 |
melanins 16-18,
28 |
|
| antiperspirants 35,
105 |
in tanned skin
71, 74 |
|
| apocrine glands 34,
35 |
melanocytes 16
|
|
| appearance (of skin) |
melanomas 76
|
|
| changes with
age 62-4 |
melanosomes 16,
18 |
|
| effect of moisturizers
102-5 |
menopause 65,
92 |
|
| and skin color
28-9 |
men's skin |
|
| in winter 50
|
aging 65-7
|
|
| astringents 99
|
features 37
|
|
| atopic eczema 53-5
|
minimum erythema dose 77
|
 |
| atopy 46,
51, 53 |
mixed (combination) skin 46 |
|
| |
moisturizers 28,
49, 50, 102-5 |
|
| basal cell carcinomas 77
|
molluscum contagiosum 59
|
|
| basal cells 12
|
Asian racial type 18,
21, 25 |
|
| basal layer 12
|
mucosa (of lips) 36
|
|
| basement membrane 10
|
mud packs 109
|
|
| bath oils 106-7
|
|
|
| body lotions 106
|
nanospheres 107
|
|
| body odour 35,
108 |
diaper rash 87, 89 |
|
| 'broken veins' 10,
76 |
natural products 94 |
|
| |
African racial type 18, 19, 23 |
|
| callouses 7
|
nettle rash see urticaria
|
|
| cancer 76-7
|
night creams 104 |
|
| carotenoids 28
|
normal skin 45 |
|
| Caucasian racial type 18,
20, 23, 38 |
caring for 96
|
|
| cellulite 10,
32, 34 |
|
|
| Celtic racial type 22,
69 |
oestrogens 65, 66 |
|
| ceramides 14,
99, 107 |
oily skin see greasy
skin |
|
| chapped hands 47,
48 |
|
|
| chemical sunscreens 79
|
D-panthenol 107 |
|
| 'chicken neck' 68
|
|
|
| chicken pox 60
|
percutaneous absorption 79 |
|
| childhood eczema 53,
55, 56 |
perfumes see fragrances
|
|
| children's skin 1,
68, 88 |
permeability of skin 47
|
|
| caring for 89
|
phaeomelanin 16-18
|
|
| need for sun
protection 79, 80, 89 |
photodamage 64-5,
68, 75-7 |
|
| chronological aging see intrinsic
aging |
photoprotective products see sunscreens
|
|
| cleansing products 82,
98-101 |
preservatives, in moisturizers 103
|
|
| cold sores 58
|
psoriasis 61
|
|
| collagen 30,
65, 66 |
purpura 76 |
|
| in skin care
products 107 |
|
|
| color (of skin) 16-27
|
Raynaud's phenomenon 50
|
|
| and skin appearance
28-9 |
refatting agents 99
|
|
| corneocytes 13
|
rejuvenation of skin 82
|
|
| cornified layer see stratum
corneum |
of lips 37
|
|
| cosmetics |
retinoic acid 107
|
|
| see also decorative
cosmetics |
rosacea 57 |
|
| creases in skin 32,
68 |
safety |
|
| decorative cosmetics
93 |
Scandinavian people 22,
23 |
|
| dendrites 16
|
scarring 31-2
|
|
| deodorants 105
|
sebaceous glands 34,
46, 47 |
|
| dermatitis 48
|
seborrhoeic dermatitis
61 |
|
| see also
allergic contact dermatitis; irritant
|
seborrhoeic skin see greasy
skin |
|
| dermatitis;
nappy rash; seborrhoeic dermatitis
|
seborrhoeic warts 59
|
|
| dermis 10,
30-32, 65 |
sebum 34 |
|
| desmosomes 13
|
production in
older people 70 |
|
| desquamation 13-14
|
production in
winter 50 |
|
| detergents see surfactants
|
sex-related differences
37 |
|
| diaper dermatitis 87,
89 |
sensitive skin 46-7,
144 |
|
| diet 85-6
|
shingles 60
|
|
| dry skin 15,
45, 47 |
skin layers 10-11
|
|
| in adults 92
|
skin protection products 106
|
|
| in children 14,
15, 45 |
skin types 41-7
|
|
| in older people
45, 70 |
sleep 12 |
|
| |
smoking 86 |
|
| eccrine glands 34-5,
41 |
soaps 98 |
|
| eczema 48,
52, 54-5, 105, 130, 144 |
for infant skin
87 |
|
| elastosis 75
|
solar lentigines 75
|
|
| elderly skin see aging
skin |
sphingolipids 13
|
|
| emollients 98
|
spiny layer 13
|
|
| emulsion bath oils 106
|
squames 14 |
|
| emulsions 103
|
squamous cell carcinomas 77
|
|
| cleansers 99
|
stabilisers (for emulsions) 102
|
|
| moisturizers
102 |
stratum corneum 13-14,
15, 39-40, 49 |
|
| epidermis 10,
12-15, 40 |
age-related changes
70 |
|
| effects of sun
72 |
sex-related differences
37 |
|
| see also
skin color |
stratum lucidum 37
|
|
| erythema 78
|
stretch marks 31
|
|
| eumelanin 16-18
|
subcutaneous fat layer 10,
32-4 |
|
| exfoliation 14,
28, 82, 92, 106 |
sun tanning 72,
74 |
|
| extrinsic aging 64-5
|
sunburn 72,
74 |
|
| facial peels 82
|
surface of skin 5,
8, 14, 68 |
|
| fingerprints 8
|
surfactants 98-9
|
|
| flexural eczema 55
|
and skin 100-1,
106 |
|
| Forearm Controlled Application Test 101
|
sweat glands 7,
34-5 |
|
| freckles 74
|
in older people
70 |
|
| free radicals 39
|
sex-related differences
37, 41 |
|
| functions of skin 39-41
|
syndets (synthetic detergents) 98-9
|
|
| |
|
|
| glycerol 49,
103 |
tanning see self-tanning products;
sun tanning |
|
| glycoproteins 30
|
Tasmanian Australoid people 22,
23, 113 |
|
| 'goose bumps' 35,
36 |
telangiectases 76
|
|
| granular layer 13
|
terminal hairs 7,
36 |
|
| grazes 31
|
thermoregulation 41
|
|
| greasy (oily) skin 46
|
toners 101,
122 |
|
| cleansers for
100 |
transepidermal water loss (TEWL) 14,
39 |
|
| |
translucency of skin 28,
105 |
|
| haemangioma 58
|
|
|
| hair follicles 34,
35, 36 |
ultraviolet radiation 39,
72, 73, 79 |
|
| hairs 7,
35-6 |
urticaria 61
|
|
| hand creams 105-6
|
|
|
| hands, caring for 92,
104 |
vellus hairs 35,
36 |
|
| horny layer see stratum
corneum |
vermilion zone (of lips) 36
|
|
| hot compresses 110
|
vitamin E 107
|
|
| humectants 49,
103 |
vitamin supplements 86
|
|
| hyaluronic acid 30,
107 |
vitiligo 29
|
|
| hydroquinones 110
|
|
|
| hydroxy acids 81-2
|
warts 59 |
|
| |
water |
|
| impetigo 60
|
drinking 40
|
|
| infant skin, caring for 87-9
|
in stratum corneum
14, 48-9 |
|
| infection, defence against 40
|
winter, skin condition in 48-50
|
|
| injuries to skin 31-2
|
|
|
| insensible perspiration 41
|
young skin |
|
| intrinsic aging 64-5,
70 |
caring for 89-91
|
|
| irritant dermatitis 47
|
moisturizers
for 104 |
|
|
