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Page 118 -- HAIR CARE PRODUCTS

World of Hair Table of Contents - Hair Care and Hair Products Research Hair and Scalp Disorders Hair Care Products: What's in Shampoo? Shampoos Hair Conditioners The Science of Styling Hair Care Index
HAIR FACTS

How often should I shampoo?


Hair cannot be washed too often!
  Our ancestors washed their hair only rarely. We know that hair left unwashed for several weeks
turns into a matted, smelly mess. We can only imagine the state of the scalps beneath those elaborate powdered wigs we see in portraits on the walls of stately homes!
   This doesn't fit with our modern image of cleanliness and health. Hair can be washed every day, even several times a day if necessary. Today's shampoos do not damage hair. Their conditioning agents positively protect the cuticle against harm from brushing and combing.
   So how often you wash your hair is a purely personal decision, one for you alone.

Conditioning agents
These condition the hair. Nearly all shampoos contain some conditioning agents. Some contain more than others do see
Functional additives
These include ingredients that control the viscosity (thickness) of the shampoo. A shampoo that was too runny would be messy to apply, whereas one that was as thick as, say, toothpaste might be hard to spread over the hair.
   Another kind of additive controls the pH of the shampoo. Usually shampoos are formulated to be slightly acidic, with
a pH between 3.5 and 4.5.

Preservatives
A shampoo without preservatives would make a splendid breeding ground for germs of every kind. These could make the product 'go bad' or decompose, and they could present
a considerable risk to health. Adding preservatives prevents problems like these.
  Some of the preservatives you may see named on shampoo labels include sodium benzoate, parabens, DMDM hydantoin
and tetrasodium EDTA. In spite of their rather alarming names, these are all safe, tested and approved ingredients.
 
HAIR FACTS

Surfactants


Surfactants are the essential cleaning substances in shampoos. Surfactant molecules have an unusual structure.

  structure of a surfactant molecule

The structure of a surfactant molecule (diagrammatic)

One end of the surfactant molecule carries a tiny negative electrical charge. This end is soluble in water, and like water will not mix with oil or grease. The opposite end of the molecule is soluble in oily, greasy material and will not mix with water.
   Surfactant molecules surround any fragments of greasy dirt they meet. The oil soluble parts of the molecules bury themselves in the grease. This leaves the water-soluble parts facing outwards from the fragment. As a result, the whole fragment becomes negatively charged.
   This is useful because hairs themselves carry small negative charges on their surfaces. The two lots of negative charge tend to force each other
apart -that is, the hair repels the dirt that was originally clinging to it!

Aesthetic additives
These are ingredients which are added to make the shampoo pleasant to use. They include colors, perfumes and pearlescing agents.

Medically active ingredients

Some shampoos contain active ingredients to treat medical conditions. For example, certain shampoos contain zinc pyrithione for the treatment of dandruff. Some contain panthenol, which is important for hair growth and
which improves the moisture content of hair.

Hair and Scalp Disorders Hair Care Products: What's in Shampoo? Shampoos Hair Conditioners The Science of Styling hair care index